Elemental oxygen occurs predominantly in form of a covalent homodimer on, that is a compound of two O2 atoms and having the empirical formula O2, referred to as molecular oxygen or dioxygen. There is a colorless and odorless gas that is contained in air to 20.942%. It is involved in many combustion and corrosion processes (oxygen for energy).
Almost all living organisms need O2 to live (typically give plants during photosynthesis but more O2 from than they consume). You see him mostly by breathing in air, or by absorption of water (dissolved oxygen). In high concentrations, however, it is toxic to most living things.The metastable, high-energy and reactive allotrope of three O2 atoms (O3) is called ozone. Atomic oxygen, ie O2 in form of free, single O2 atoms, is stable before only under extreme conditions, such as in vacuum of space or in hot stellar atmospheres. However, it has a significant meaning as a reactive intermediate in many reactions of atmospheric chemistry.
From the Stone Age to Middle Ages, the fire to humans was a phenomenon which has been accepted as a gift from heaven. About the nature of fire caused by the different conceptions natural philosophers of antiquity to alchemist. The fire was seen as an essential ingredient of Earth. In 17th century the notion of a "light mysterious substance" was born. This phlogiston would escape from the burning fuel, heat was understood as a substance. The German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele conducted experiments. When heating manganese dioxide (manganese dioxide) or potassium permanganate with concentrated sulfuric acid (vitriol) he gave a colorless gas.
This promoted the combustion gas and Scheele called it "fire air" or the origin. He found that air consists of O2 and this "foul air". Completely independent, was two years later produced by heating mercuric oxide O2 gas, the Englishman Joseph Priestley. The Briton published his findings in 1774, Scheele published his book Chemical Observations of air and the fire but only in 1777.
With the discovery of O2 its meaning was not clear during combustion. The Frenchman Antoine Lavoisier found in his experiments that during combustion does not escape phlogiston, but O2 is bound. By weighing it demonstrated that a substance after combustion was not easier but harder. This was caused by the additional weight of ingested during the combustion process oxygen.
Initially, the O2 has been accepted as a basic component for the formation of acids. Therefore, the term Oxygenium (acidifier) 1779 proposed by Lavoisier oxygen. In fact, most inorganic acids in solution of non-metal oxides in O2 water. The halogens, such as chlorine and bromine, is therefore held for a long time oxides of unknown elements. Only later was recognized that hydrogen is responsible for the acid character.
O2 is the most abundant and widespread element on earth. It occurs both in atmosphere and in lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. O2 has a mass fraction of 50.5% of earth's crust (up to 16 km depth, including hydro and atmosphere). In air, his mass fraction is 23,16% (by volume: 20.95%), the water 88.8% (the sea water but only 86%, since there large amounts salts, eg. As sodium chloride are dissolved).
Usually takes O2 in its compounds, and in earth before. In earth's crust almost all minerals and rocks are so well oxygenated water next. Among the most important minerals include oxygen-containing silicates such as feldspars, mica and Olivine, carbonates such as calcium carbonate in limestone and oxides such as silica as quartz.
Almost all living organisms need O2 to live (typically give plants during photosynthesis but more O2 from than they consume). You see him mostly by breathing in air, or by absorption of water (dissolved oxygen). In high concentrations, however, it is toxic to most living things.The metastable, high-energy and reactive allotrope of three O2 atoms (O3) is called ozone. Atomic oxygen, ie O2 in form of free, single O2 atoms, is stable before only under extreme conditions, such as in vacuum of space or in hot stellar atmospheres. However, it has a significant meaning as a reactive intermediate in many reactions of atmospheric chemistry.
From the Stone Age to Middle Ages, the fire to humans was a phenomenon which has been accepted as a gift from heaven. About the nature of fire caused by the different conceptions natural philosophers of antiquity to alchemist. The fire was seen as an essential ingredient of Earth. In 17th century the notion of a "light mysterious substance" was born. This phlogiston would escape from the burning fuel, heat was understood as a substance. The German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele conducted experiments. When heating manganese dioxide (manganese dioxide) or potassium permanganate with concentrated sulfuric acid (vitriol) he gave a colorless gas.
This promoted the combustion gas and Scheele called it "fire air" or the origin. He found that air consists of O2 and this "foul air". Completely independent, was two years later produced by heating mercuric oxide O2 gas, the Englishman Joseph Priestley. The Briton published his findings in 1774, Scheele published his book Chemical Observations of air and the fire but only in 1777.
With the discovery of O2 its meaning was not clear during combustion. The Frenchman Antoine Lavoisier found in his experiments that during combustion does not escape phlogiston, but O2 is bound. By weighing it demonstrated that a substance after combustion was not easier but harder. This was caused by the additional weight of ingested during the combustion process oxygen.
Initially, the O2 has been accepted as a basic component for the formation of acids. Therefore, the term Oxygenium (acidifier) 1779 proposed by Lavoisier oxygen. In fact, most inorganic acids in solution of non-metal oxides in O2 water. The halogens, such as chlorine and bromine, is therefore held for a long time oxides of unknown elements. Only later was recognized that hydrogen is responsible for the acid character.
O2 is the most abundant and widespread element on earth. It occurs both in atmosphere and in lithosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. O2 has a mass fraction of 50.5% of earth's crust (up to 16 km depth, including hydro and atmosphere). In air, his mass fraction is 23,16% (by volume: 20.95%), the water 88.8% (the sea water but only 86%, since there large amounts salts, eg. As sodium chloride are dissolved).
Usually takes O2 in its compounds, and in earth before. In earth's crust almost all minerals and rocks are so well oxygenated water next. Among the most important minerals include oxygen-containing silicates such as feldspars, mica and Olivine, carbonates such as calcium carbonate in limestone and oxides such as silica as quartz.
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